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如何攻破非谓语动词的出题套路？

正如各位考生所了解的，非谓语动词仅有三类形式：to do，-ing和-ed三种形式，但是它们的用法却十分广泛，它向来都是各类英语考试的“宠儿”，无论是单项选择题，还是完型填空题、阅读理解题，甚至是在翻译题中也会有所涉及。为了更好地帮助各位参加教师招聘考试的考生更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔者有意在接下来的内容中跟大家分享一下自己总结为出来的一些解题秘诀，并在秘诀后面附上相应的题目来解释这些秘诀的适用范围。根据这些秘诀，相信同学们应该能够更轻松地应对非谓语动词的出题套路!

秘诀一、逗号中间需连词，没有连词非谓语充。

例1.many times，but he still couldn’t understand it.

A. Having been told B. Having told

C. He had been told D. Though he had been told

例2._________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

A. Having been told B. Having told

C. He had been told D. Though he had told

【解析】例1中有连词but连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为C;例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，所以答案为A。

秘诀二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式。

例3.____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

A. Having lost B. Lost

C. Being lost D. Losing

【解析】lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为B。

例4.__________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.

A.Considered all the possibilities

B.Taking all the possibilities into consideration

C.Taken all the possibilities into consideration

D.Giving all the possibilities

【解析】把……考虑进来结构为take sth.into consideration，现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案为B。

秘诀三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前。

例5.to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.

A. Fail B. Failed

C. To fail D. Having failed

【解析】根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为D。

例6.Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.

A. to have founded B. having founded

C. founding D. to found

【解析】根据句意，Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情，而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式，所以应该用to have done，答案为A。

秘诀四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用to do，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed。

例7.The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.

A. produced B. being produced

C. to be produced D. having been produced

【解析】根据本题中的时间状语next month，可知the play将于下月被创作出来，表将来应该用to do，所以答案为C。

例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.

A. being blown down B. blown down

C. blowing down D.to blow down

【解析】根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”，树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作，表已经完成用-ed形式，所以答案为B。

秘诀五、介词后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加逻辑主语。

例9.The discovery of new evidence led to ______________.

A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught

C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught

【解析】本题led to中的to是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，the thief作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为D。

例10.At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.

【解析】本题the noise of中的of是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，desks作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为C。

秘诀六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语，-ed形式则不可以。

例11.___________in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.

A. Caught B. Having caught

C. Being caught D. To catch

【解析】本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。

例12.______twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.

A. Examining B. Examined

C. Being examined D. Having been examined

【解析】本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。

秘诀七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语。

例13.Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.

A. comparing B. compares

C. to compare D. compared

【解析】“和……相比较”结构为be compared with，现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为D。

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